Blog

This study analyzes Batusangkar Religious Court Decision No. 129/Pdt.P/2024/PA-Bsk, which simultaneously rejected a request for marriage confirmation (isbat nikah) but granted a request to determine the child’s status as legitimate. This case is interesting because it reflects the tension between the principle of legal certainty of marriage and the protection of children’s rights in religious court practice in Indonesia. This study used a qualitative, analytical, and descriptive approach with field research methods. Primary data were obtained through in-depth interviews with the three judges who heard the case and the applicants. In addition, the researcher analyzed the decision documents and case files. Secondary data came from the Marriage Law, the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VII/2010, literature on munakahat fiqh (jurisprudence), and the concept of maqashid sharia. The results indicate that the panel of judges rejected the marriage confirmation request because the applicants’ marriage violated the provisions prohibiting marriage as stipulated in Article 40 (a) of the KHI in conjunction with Article 9 of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. One of the parties is still bound by a previous marriage, potentially leading to the practice of polyandry and undermining the sanctity of the institution of marriage. Nevertheless, the judge granted the child’s status as legitimate, primarily considering the child’s best interests and the principle of welfare (maslahah). The judge argued that the child should not be held responsible for the parents’ mistakes. This granting of the child’s status provides legal certainty for the child to obtain a birth certificate, family card, rights to maintenance, guardianship, and inheritance rights. This decision represents a harmony between positive legal certainty and the maqasid sharia, particularly hifz al-nasl (protection of offspring). This study concludes that the judge applied a progressive and humane approach in resolving the conflict between the validity of the marriage and the protection of children’s rights.

Marriage in Islam is viewed as a sacred and strong bond, or mitsaqan ghalidzan. However, in Indonesian social reality, the practice of divorce under the hand or outside the courts is still common. This phenomenon triggers serious legal problems due to the legal vacuum regarding the isbat talak regulation in the national legal system. Without formal state approval, the legal status of wives and children is often neglected, resulting in the loss of post-divorce rights such as custody, maintenance, and access to civil registration. This research uses a normative juridical approach through a comparative study of family law in Indonesia with regulations in Egypt and Morocco. Theoretically, the analysis is based on legal theory as a means of societal renewal and the theory of legal positivization to transform religious norms into written positive law. Furthermore, the Maqasid Syari’ah perspective is used to ensure that each proposed regulation aligns with the goal of protecting the interests of religion, life, descendants, intellect, and property for Muslim families. The research findings indicate that Indonesia urgently needs to strengthen the regulation of divorce confirmation (isbat talak) to bridge the dualism between the religious validity of divorce and the legality of state administration. A comparison with Egypt and Morocco found that integrating stricter regulations regarding divorce ratification can provide greater legal certainty for the public. This strengthening measure is considered a strategic solution to create legal order and guarantee the constitutional rights of family members, who have been vulnerable to uncertainty. In conclusion, strengthening the regulation of divorce confirmation (isbat talak) through positive law is an urgent need to achieve legal justice for families in Indonesia. Transforming Islamic legal norms into national legislation will ensure that legal protection for wives and children is no longer partial, but comprehensive and formally binding. Thus, the purpose of marriage, which is to create welfare, can be maintained even if the union ends in divorce.

The global escalation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a critical challenge to modern healthcare systems, driven by the proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in pathogenic bacteria. This study aims to analyze the potential of a non-invasive diagnostic approach integrating CRISPR-based nanoparticles, hyperspectral imaging, and artificial intelligence (AI) for rapid ARG detection. A qualitative approach was employed using library research methods, content analysis, and theoretical review of recent scientific literature. Epidemiological data indicate that AMR was directly responsible for approximately 1.27 million deaths and associated with 4.95 million deaths globally, while more than 2.8 million resistant infections occur annually in the United States. In Southeast Asia, resistance prevalence in Escherichia coli exceeds 50% for third-generation cephalosporins, highlighting diagnostic urgency. The analysis reveals that conventional diagnostic methods, such as culture and PCR, are limited by time constraints and operational complexity. In contrast, the proposed integration of CRISPR-nanoparticle biosensors with hyperspectral imaging enables non-invasive detection via exhaled breath, producing fluorescence signals in the near-infrared spectrum. AI-based computer vision further enhances real-time analysis with reported diagnostic accuracy reaching 97–98% and processing time under 20 minutes. The findings suggest that this integrated system significantly improves early detection, reduces diagnostic delays, and supports targeted antibiotic therapy. In conclusion, non-invasive CRISPR-based hyperspectral AI diagnostics present a promising, efficient, and scalable solution to mitigate AMR impact and strengthen global health resilience.

Indonesia, as a rule of law state that recognizes every person as an actor under the law, means that every person is recognized as a legal subject. The provisions regarding humans as legal subjects are regulated in Islamic law, referred to as mahk?m ?alaih, as mukallaf individuals. The term legal subject then continued to develop beyond individuals, namely legal entities. This paper aims to illustrate the differences and similarities in the concept of legal subjects in Islamic law and positive law. This research is a library study with a qualitative approach to examine the application of the legal subject concept in Islamic law and positive law in Indonesia. The main data source in this research is from written sources directly related to the study. In data analysis, the author uses qualitative analysis by coding data, reducing data, and drawing conclusions. The development of the term “legal entity” in Indonesia has progressed alongside the enactment of several Islamic laws and regulations, such as the law on waqf, the law on zakat management, the law on Religious Courts, the Compilation of Islamic Law, and the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law (KHES). The conclusion of this writing is that, in essence, Islamic Law is the command/message of God regarding the actions of the mukallaf, whether in the form of obligation (takl?f), choice (takhy?r), or determination (wad??). Islamic law according to Us?liyy?n is God’s action in establishing the law, but according to Fuqah??, law is the effect or consequence of God’s command/message. Meanwhile, positive law is the command and judgment regarding an action as good or bad, as well as the relationship between one person and an action of another person, which makes this person connect themselves with this action.

This study aims to analyse the use of interactive digital learning media at primary school level, examine its impact on pupils’ learning motivation, and identify the factors influencing the effectiveness of its use. This study employs a qualitative approach using library research, in which data were obtained from various academic sources, including journal articles, academic books, and relevant research reports. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis to identify patterns, relationships, and trends in findings related to the use of interactive digital media in learning. The results of the study indicate that interactive digital learning media contribute significantly to enhancing students’ learning motivation through the presentation of interactive, multimodal, and contextual material, thereby encouraging active engagement and strengthening intrinsic motivation. However, the effectiveness of its use is influenced by various factors, including teachers’ digital and pedagogical competencies, the availability of technological infrastructure, the quality of media design, as well as policy support and the school environment. The implications of this research underscore the importance of systematically planning and implementing interactive digital media in accordance with pedagogical principles in order to achieve optimal learning outcomes. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive synthesis of the latest literature, which provides a holistic perspective on the role of interactive digital media in enhancing primary school pupils’ motivation to learn, as well as serving as a conceptual foundation for the development of innovative and adaptive learning strategies

Primary healthcare facilities play an important role in providing basic health services to the community. One of the key aspects in improving the quality of healthcare services is the implementation of quality management and patient safety. However, in many primary healthcare facilities, healthcare workers’ understanding of healthcare quality management and patient safety remains limited. In addition, the use of digital media as a medium for health education has not been utilized optimally. This community service activity aims to improve healthcare workers’ understanding of healthcare quality management and patient safety, as well as to develop podcast-based health education media as a means of disseminating health information to the public. The activity was carried out at the Baitul Qurro School Clinic through educational sessions, training, podcast production, and assistance in the implementation of patient safety practices. The results of the activity indicate an improvement in healthcare workers’ understanding of quality management and patient safety concepts, as measured through a comparison of pre-test and post-test scores. In addition, this activity produced a health education podcast discussing patient safety and healthcare quality management topics that can be accessed through digital platforms. This community service activity contributes to improving the capacity of healthcare workers and expanding public access to health information through digital media. The use of podcasts as a health education medium is expected to become an innovative approach to improving public health literacy and supporting the enhancement of healthcare service quality in primary healthcare facilities.

Patient safety is a key component of quality management systems in healthcare services. At the primary healthcare level, the implementation of patient safety systems often faces various challenges, such as limited human resources, organizational culture, clinical leadership, and suboptimal incident reporting systems. Community clinics play a strategic role in providing safe, effective, and high-quality healthcare services for the community. This study aims to examine the implementation of quality management and patient safety at the Baitul Qurro School Clinic. It also seeks to identify barriers and supporting factors in the implementation of patient safety, as well as to explore the experiences of healthcare workers in implementing service quality systems. This research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation of service processes, and review of the clinic’s quality documents. The research informants consisted of healthcare workers and clinic managers involved in patient care and quality management. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis to identify key themes related to organizational structure, service processes, and patient safety outcomes. The results show that the implementation of patient safety is influenced by several key factors, including leadership commitment, the availability of standard operating procedures, communication among healthcare workers, and the incident reporting system. Limited resources and the lack of structured training were identified as barriers to the optimal implementation of patient safety systems. This study highlights the importance of strengthening the patient safety culture at the primary healthcare level through the integration of quality management systems, capacity building for healthcare workers, and the reinforcement of professional ethical values based on Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan.

Patient safety is a key component of quality management systems in healthcare services. At the primary healthcare level, the implementation of patient safety systems often faces various challenges, such as limited human resources, organizational culture, clinical leadership, and suboptimal incident reporting systems. Community clinics play a strategic role in providing safe, effective, and high-quality healthcare services for the community. This study aims to examine the implementation of quality management and patient safety at the Baitul Qurro School Clinic. It also seeks to identify barriers and supporting factors in the implementation of patient safety, as well as to explore the experiences of healthcare workers in implementing service quality systems. This research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation of service processes, and review of the clinic’s quality documents. The research informants consisted of healthcare workers and clinic managers involved in patient care and quality management. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis to identify key themes related to organizational structure, service processes, and patient safety outcomes. The results show that the implementation of patient safety is influenced by several key factors, including leadership commitment, the availability of standard operating procedures, communication among healthcare workers, and the incident reporting system. Limited resources and the lack of structured training were identified as barriers to the optimal implementation of patient safety systems. This study highlights the importance of strengthening the patient safety culture at the primary healthcare level through the integration of quality management systems, capacity building for healthcare workers, and the reinforcement of professional ethical values based on Al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan.

Rural agriculture often faces limited access to precision technology and efficient downstream management, hindering productivity and sustainability. This community service initiative aimed to implement and evaluate a Solar-Autonomous AgroDrone, a solar-powered drone system designed to support automated crop monitoring and downstream agricultural processes in Curahmalang Village, Jember Regency, through the Community Service Program of Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember. While prior studies confirm that drone technology improves precision farming efficiency, integration with renewable energy for rural community empowerment remains underexplored. The program applied a participatory action approach involving 25 farmers and 15 village youths through technical training, field demonstrations, and supervised agricultural monitoring over 12 weeks. Data were collected from crop productivity records, operational cost comparisons, and structured adoption surveys, then analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistics. The findings show a 27% increase in crop monitoring efficiency and a 32% reduction in fuel-related operational costs due to solar energy utilization. Early pest detection responsiveness improved by 45%, and 68% of participating farmers indicated readiness for sustained adoption. No significant technical failures were recorded during implementation. These results support sustainable agriculture theory emphasizing renewable energy integration and digital precision tools for resilient rural development. In conclusion, the Solar-Autonomous AgroDrone enhances automated downstream agricultural practices while strengthening energy-efficient and sustainable farming systems. Its novelty lies in combining solar-powered drone innovation with community-based agricultural empowerment within a structured service-learning framework.

This study explores the growing phenomena of cryptocurrency participation among Muslim women in Bauchi, Nigeria, including mining, trading, and related financial activities, and looks at how it affects their financial situation. Digital currencies are revolutionizing financial inclusion on a global scale by giving excluded groups access to alternative investment and income-generating alternatives. However, there is still little research on the use of cryptocurrencies in low-income environments, particularly among culturally restricted populations. This study uses a mixed-methods approach that includes surveys, focus groups, and in-depth interviews with 300 Muslim women involved in e-currency ecosystems. It draws on adaptive diffusion theory and socio-economic inclusion frameworks. The results show that trading cryptocurrencies, especially peer-to-peer (P2P) exchanges, has helped users diversify their sources of income, improve their financial independence, and lessen the effects of inflation and currency devaluation. Despite being limited by capital and energy expenses, mining operations have also given some participants access to specialized revenue sources. The study also highlights important mediators of economic impact, such as financial literacy, access to digital infrastructure, social network support, Islamic ethical considerations around risk and riba, and digital literacy. Concerns regarding market volatility, unclear regulations, and inadequate institutional protections endure despite favorable economic consequences. In addition to providing policy suggestions for inclusive financial literacy programs, community-based regulatory guidelines, and gender-responsive digital economy strategies, the research advances our understanding of the adoption of digital finance in culturally particular contexts.

The rapid spread of fintech innovation, digital transformation, and platform-based economies is transforming global socioeconomic systems, necessitating a rethinking of educational curricula to prepare students for participation in a technologically advanced society. However, in many developing countries, curricular frameworks remain fragmented, with little integration of ethical underpinnings, civic knowledge, and global communication skills. This study suggests an interdisciplinary curriculum reform approach that combines Islamic Studies, Social Studies, and English Language Education to meet the rising demands of the digital economy. The study suggests that digital economic participation should prioritize sustainability and social cohesion, based on the ethical principles of Islamic moral economy, including justice (ʿadl), trust (amānah), and social responsibility in finance. Social Studies provides critical viewpoints on globalization, citizenship, digital governance, and sustainable development, whilst English Language Education teaches pupils the communicative and digital literacy skills required for global fintech involvement and cross-border collaboration. The paper uses a qualitative conceptual framework supported by curriculum analysis and interdisciplinary theory to outline solutions for incorporating financial literacy, ethical fintech awareness, sustainability education, and professional communication skills into secondary and postsecondary curricula. The suggested approach encourages value-driven digital competency, ethical innovation, and equitable engagement in global financial systems. By navigating the nexus of fintech innovation, sustainability, and society, this study advances a holistic educational paradigm that aligns moral economy principles with digital transformation goals, contributing to resilient and ethically grounded human capital development in a globalized world.

–

Within the larger context of Islamic social finance, this research explores how waqf has evolved from a conventional charitable organization to a useful tool for long-term socioeconomic development. In Muslim societies throughout history, waqf has been essential in promoting communal welfare, healthcare, education, and religious institutions. However, weak governance structures, insufficient legal and regulatory frameworks, poor asset management, and a lack of strategic alignment with national and community development goals have limited its effectiveness in many modern contexts. Waqf is therefore frequently limited to temporary humanitarian endeavors rather than being utilized as a long-term development organization. This research investigates the evolving role of waqf within Islamic social finance using a qualitative research technique. It draws on an extensive survey of scholarly literature, policy documents, chosen case studies, and insights from expert interviews. The analysis finds important institutional, ethical, and practical constraints that impede waqf’s developmental potential, such as governance flaws, inadequate transparency, poor public awareness, and fragmented cooperation with other Islamic social finance mechanisms like zakat. The findings show that waqf has considerable untapped potential to contribute to long-term human development when repositioned within a comprehensive development framework. Institutional reforms, professional management practices, accountability systems, and policy integration appear to be significant variables for improving its efficacy. The research suggests that integrating waqf with maq??id al-shar??ah objectives and current development concerns can reposition it as a sustainable funding mechanism alongside other Islamic finance instruments. The research concludes with practical policy proposals aimed at strengthening waqf governance, institutional capacity, and strategic relevance, thus increasing its contribution to long-term social and economic growth in Muslim nations.

–

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has intensified ethical debates within contemporary technology studies. Nevertheless, current AI ethics discourse remains predominantly shaped by Western philosophical paradigms such as utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics, which often overlook moral, social, and spiritual dimensions central to non-Western societies, including Islamic ethical traditions. This study aims to map contemporary AI ethics scholarship, critically examine Islamic ethical responses to AI, and develop an evaluative framework grounded in Maqasid al-Shariah. Using a qualitative approach with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) design, this research analyzes peer- reviewed publications from the last decade drawn from major academic databases. Data analysis is conducted through thematic analysis, comparative analysis, and conceptual synthesis. The findings reveal that Islamic AI ethics studies are still dominated by normative and declarative approaches, with limited operationalization of Maqasid al-Shariah as an evaluative tool, and a notable absence of integrative models connecting Islamic ethics with global AI ethics frameworks. This study contributes theoretically by positioning Maqasid al- Shar??ah as a holistic, value-based, and applicable ethical framework for assessing AI in relation to justice, public welfare, and the protection of human dignity within a global technological context.

This study examines the phenomenon of dancing in majelis shalawat through a literature-based inquiry using a descriptive–analytical approach (library research). The data were obtained from primary sources, namely the works of Abdurrahman al-Baghdadi and Imam Ibn al-Jawzi, as well as secondary sources such as scholarly journals, academic articles, and social media documentation. The analysis focuses on a comparative examination of the two scholars’ perspectives on the role of art in worship. The findings reveal a divergence of views between the two scholars. Imam Ibn al-Jawzi rejects excessive bodily movements in acts of worship, arguing that they may undermine khushu‘ (devotional concentration) and constitute a form of satanic deception. According to him, worship should be performed with tranquility and humility of heart, in accordance with the guidance of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). In contrast, Abdurrahman al-Baghdadi maintains that art, including expressive movements in shalawat, may serve as a means of da‘wah provided that it does not violate the boundaries of Islamic law. He argues that as long as such movements are conducted with proper decorum, do not give rise to moral impropriety, and do not distract from remembrance (dhikr), they may be deemed acceptable within spiritual and da‘wah contexts. From the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence, dancing within acts of worship carries different legal rulings depending on its context. When performed with propriety and while maintaining devotional concentration, it may be considered mubah (permissible). However, if it becomes excessive and transforms worship into mere entertainment, its ruling shifts to makruh (reprehensible) or even haram (prohibited). In conclusion, while art may function as a medium of da‘wah, the sanctity of worship must be carefully preserved. The more compelling position is the cautious approach emphasized by Imam Ibn al-Jawzi, whereas Abdurrahman al-Baghdadi’s perspective may be applied within the realm of art, provided that clear limitations grounded in Islamic values are observed.

This study discusses the importance of Tadabbur Quran, a practice of deep reflection on the verses of the Quran, particularly focusing on verses from Surah At-Taubah, verses 67-70. The study emphasizes the significance of understanding and implementing the teachings of the Quran in everyday life. By employing a hermeneutic approach, this study explores the subtle meanings of these verses, highlighting the serious threats that Allah directs towards the hypocrites, such as being forgotten by Him, eternal punishment in Hell, and the futility of their actions. The study draws lessons for contemporary Muslims, urging them to recognize hypocritical behavior, avoid worldly temptations, learn from the mistakes of past civilizations, uphold religious obedience, and foster mutual support among believers. Tadabbur Quran and hermeneutical analysis are presented as crucial tools for understanding the profound wisdom of the Quran and confronting moral and spiritual challenges.

–

This article advances the argument that waqf (Islamic endowment) constitutes a foundational model of society governance, in which communities institutionalize moral responsibility into durable public capacity. Rather than viewing waqf solely as a charitable or financial instrument, the study conceptualizes it as a governance architecture that enables societies to mobilize, preserve, and deploy resources for collective welfare independent of fluctuating political regimes. Through a narrative-historical analysis, the article traces waqf’s evolution from the Prophetic model of trust-based stewardship and the institutional consolidation under the early caliphs, to its resilience during dynastic centralization, its fiscal institutionalization in the Ottoman period, and its contemporary transformation within modern regulatory frameworks. Central to the analysis is the proposition that waqf embodies an early and enduring form of shared value creation. By preserving endowed capital while continuously generating social returns, waqf integrates economic sustainability with public benefit. This dual function positions waqf as a bridge between moral economy and modern governance theory, aligning closely with contemporary debates on stakeholder capitalism, sustainable development, and civil society resilience. The article further argues that waqf is more than its challenges. While issues of governance reform, transparency, and asset optimization remain significant, these represent transitional adjustments rather than structural weaknesses. Properly institutionalized, waqf strengthens community autonomy, enhances accountability through trusteeship, and sustains intergenerational responsibility. In an era marked by fiscal strain and institutional distrust, waqf offers a society-centered governance paradigm capable of generating shared value and reinforcing collective capacity beyond the limits of state and market mechanisms.

This article aims to examine the historical and intellectual trajectory of the Kaum Muda reform movement and its pivotal role in constructing a moderate Muslim identity in Indonesia. It seeks to demonstrate how the reformist ethos of Kaum Muda has shaped Islamic moderation, progressivism, and social engagement from the early twentieth century to the contemporary period. The research employs a conceptual–qualitative approach using historical-critical analysis and literature review. Primary data are drawn from academic books, peer-reviewed journal articles, historical documents, and key intellectual works on Islamic reform, Indonesian Islam, and moderation. The analysis synthesizes historical periods, reform discourses, and contemporary dynamics to identify patterns of continuity and transformation. The study finds that Kaum Muda reform laid a durable foundation for Indonesian Islamic moderation through educational reform, integration of religious and scientific knowledge, and emphasis on social ethics rather than political domination. Contemporary expressions of Islam moderat and Islam progresif are shown to be extensions of this reformist legacy. Furthermore, Indonesia’s experience demonstrates that Islam can coexist constructively with democracy, pluralism, and global humanitarian values. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of Islamic moderation as a civilizational project rather than a short-term political agenda. It provides conceptual insights for policymakers, educators, and religious institutions in strengthening moderate Islam through education, governance, and social engagement. The article offers an integrated historical–conceptual framework that connects early Kaum Muda reform with present and future challenges, positioning Indonesian Islam as a model for constructive, progressive, and moderate Islam in the twenty-first and beyond.

This study aims to construct a conceptual framework that explains how zakat contributes to shared prosperity and supports the development of a sustainable society. It seeks to model measurable links between zakat distribution and key social-sector indicators, such as poverty, education, employment, health, and household welfare, using the available national indicators. The study builds a conceptual framework that integrates zakat and shared prosperity within sustainability theory. The zakat is effective in reducing vulnerabilities and promoting shared prosperity within four objective indicators, which are reduced poverty, better education, improved health, and economic inclusion. This study is primarily conceptual, and therefore, it needs further simulated empirical modelling on the availability and quality of real-world datasets. Many national statistics data variables are not directly relevant as data sources for zakat impact, which can lead to more integrated data available for shared prosperity. The results can assist zakat institutions in improving targeting accuracy, designing evidence-based intervention programs, and aligning zakat distribution with national poverty-reduction strategies. Policymakers may use the framework to integrate zakat into broader social protection systems and data integration. By demonstrating how zakat contributes to shared prosperity, the study reinforces zakat’s role in reducing inequality, strengthening social cohesion, and enhancing the welfare of vulnerable groups. It also promotes a sustainable society where economic justice and moral responsibility converge. This study offers a unique combination of conceptual theory and empirical modelling for zakat effectiveness, supported by a measurable framework tied to national indicators. It is among the first to propose a scalable zakat–shared-prosperity model, enabling future studies to replicate, refine, and apply the approach in policy and institutional settings.

Waqf (Islamic endowment) has historically been a key driver of socioeconomic development in Muslim cultures, funding education, healthcare, social welfare, and public infrastructure. However, conventional waqf administration and utilization strategies have struggled to adequately address modern socioeconomic concerns like as poverty, unemployment, urbanization, financial isolation, and inadequate institutional governance. This research investigates the importance of reinterpreting waqf within the context of present socioeconomic realities while maintaining true to its classical juristic roots. The study uses a qualitative and analytical approach on Qur’anic principles, Prophetic traditions, classical fiqh literature, and modern Islamic finance scholarship to explore how waqf can be revitalized through innovative instruments, institutional reforms, and integration with modern economic systems. The research advocates for a maq??id al-shar??ah-oriented reinterpretation of waqf, which provides for greater flexibility in asset management, investment strategies, and governance structures while maintaining its perpetual and benevolent nature. The findings demonstrate the ability of contemporary waqf models such as cash waqf, corporate waqf, waqf-based social finance, and public-private partnerships to satisfy current developmental requirements in a sustainable manner. The research concludes that reinterpreting waqf in light of current socioeconomic conditions is not a departure from Islamic tradition, but rather a necessary evolution that can reposition waqf as a dynamic tool for inclusive growth, social justice, and sustainable development in today’s Muslim world.

This paper develops a conceptual framework for integrating zakat and waqf as complementary instruments aimed at sustainable economic empowerment. The two main pillars of Islamic social finance, zakat and waqf, have historically and theologically pursued complementing social goals of the public interest (maslahah), social protection, and poverty alleviation. In many Muslim-majority nations, waqf (an endowment intended to produce enduring public benefit) and zakat (a redistributive, mandatory alms giving) have mainly functioned in separate institutional and legal frameworks while having a similar goal of improving human welfare and acts of worship. This paper aims to discuss the strategic integration of zakat and waqf, particularly in contemporary forms like cash waqf, zakat-funded waqf seed capital, and joint zakat-waqf impact programs, to significantly increase the resource base for programs aimed at sustainable economic empowerment, boost the effectiveness of attaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and enhance governance and accountability in Islamic social finance. The paper presents an operational framework for integration, addresses governance safeguards and shariah considerations, and provides policy recommendations to practitioners, regulators, and donors using a systematic literature synthesis, comparative models, and illustrative case studies (Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria) and contemporary conceptual models. The study concludes that, despite operational, legal, and institutional obstacles, digitally enabled governance, standardized impact indicators, and hybrid public-private partnerships offer practical means to scale zakat-waqf integration for inclusive and sustainable development.